Action:
Similar to NSAIDs.
Administration:
It can be administered
• Orally
• Intramuscularly (for post operative pain)
• Topically (for allergic conjunctivitis)
Pharmacokinetics:
It undergoes metabolism in the liver. The drug and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.
Adverse effects:
It is similar to NSAIDs.
Sunday, April 10, 2011
Diclofenac
Action:
It is more potent in action than naproxen and indomethacin. It is cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
Pharmacokinetics:
It accumulates in the synovial fluid. It is excreted into urine.
Therapeutic Uses:
It is used for the long term treatment of:
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• And ankylosing spondylitis.
Adverse effects:
Its adverse effects are similar to those of the NSAIDs.
It is more potent in action than naproxen and indomethacin. It is cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
Pharmacokinetics:
It accumulates in the synovial fluid. It is excreted into urine.
Therapeutic Uses:
It is used for the long term treatment of:
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• And ankylosing spondylitis.
Adverse effects:
Its adverse effects are similar to those of the NSAIDs.
Oxicam derivatives
Action:
Meloxicam is relatively COX-2 selective.
Therapeutic uses:
(Similar to that of Acetic acid derivatives)
Pharmacokinetics:
These have usually longer half lives. Piroxicam and its metabolites are excreted in the urine whereas meloxicam and its metabolites are excreted equally in the urine and feces.
Adverse effects:
It may cause GI disturbances.
Meloxicam is relatively COX-2 selective.
Therapeutic uses:
(Similar to that of Acetic acid derivatives)
Pharmacokinetics:
These have usually longer half lives. Piroxicam and its metabolites are excreted in the urine whereas meloxicam and its metabolites are excreted equally in the urine and feces.
Adverse effects:
It may cause GI disturbances.
Sulindac
It is used for:
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Osteoarthritis
• And acute gout.
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Osteoarthritis
• And acute gout.
Indomethacin
It is used for:
• Acute gouty arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• And osteoarthritis of the hip.
• Acute gouty arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• And osteoarthritis of the hip.
Propionic acid derivatives
Mechanism of Action:
These are reversible inhibitors of cyclooxygenase.
Action:
These inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins but not that of leukotrienes.
Pharmacokinetics:
It is absorbed orally. It has the ability to bind to plasma albumin. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and excreted by the kidney.
Therapeutic Uses:
It is used as anti-inflammatory mostly in the chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory.
Adverse effects:
• Headache, tinnitus and dizziness.
• GI disturbance ranging from dyspepsia to bleeding.
These are reversible inhibitors of cyclooxygenase.
Action:
These inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins but not that of leukotrienes.
Pharmacokinetics:
It is absorbed orally. It has the ability to bind to plasma albumin. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and excreted by the kidney.
Therapeutic Uses:
It is used as anti-inflammatory mostly in the chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory.
Adverse effects:
• Headache, tinnitus and dizziness.
• GI disturbance ranging from dyspepsia to bleeding.
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