PHARMACEUTICS-II (PHYSICAL PHARMACY-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. DISPERSED SYSTEM:
(a) Colloids: Types, methods of preparation, properties (optional, kinetic, electrical) Dialysis and artificial kidney, stability of colloids, protection and sensitization phenomenon and application of colloids in Pharmacy.
(b) Emulsions: Types, theories of emulsification. Emulsifying agents, their classification and stability of emulsion.
(c) Suspensions: Type, Methods of Preparation, Properties, Suspending agents, their classification and stability.
(d) Adsorption Techniques: Adsorption techniques and processes of adsorption in detail.
2. RHEOLOGY:
(a) Definition and Fundamental concept.
(b) Properties contributing to rheological behaviour.
(c) Graphic presentation of rheological data.
3. RATE and ORDER OF REACTIONS.
4. KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING: THEORETIC
CONSIDERATIONS: Degradation:
(a) Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, acidbase catalysis, U.V. light.
(b) Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reactions. Oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis.
PHARMACEUTICS-II (PHYSICAL PHARMACY-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Determination of Emulsion systems. Determination of %age composition of solutions by specific gravity method. Determination of Partition-coefficient, surface tension, viscosity.
Recommended Books
1. Martin, Physical Pharmacy, B I Waverly PVT, Delhi, 4th Ed., 1994.
2. Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 1986.
3. Bentley’s Pharmaceutics, All India Traveler Book Seller, New Delhi, 1996.
4. Martin P, Bustamante, P and Chun, Physical & Chemical Principles of Pharmaceutical Science, AHC, 4th Ed., (1999), New York.
5. Martin AMN, Banker G S and Chun AHC Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Academic Press, London, 1985.
6. Mill C C, Casson N, Rehology of dispress systems. Pergamon Press, New York, 1975.
7. Rienger M and Scott-Blair G W, Rehology. Academic Press, London, 1990.
8. Barry B W, Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academic Press, London, 1990.
9. Sherman P. Emulsion Science, Academic Press, London, 1972.
10. Martin A, Swarbrick J and Cammatra A Physical Pharmacy, 3rd Ed., Lee & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983.
11. Attwood D and Flocence A T, Surfactant Systems. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1982.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
First Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutical BioChemistry
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-II
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Metabolic fate of Biomolecules (Anabolism and Catabolism)
(a) Carbohydrates: Introduction to metabolism, Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of Glucose, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Citric acid cycle, Energetics of various metabolic processes.
(b) Lipids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of lipids, Oxidation of fatty acids through รข-oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, neutral lipids and cholesterol.
(c) Proteins and Amino acids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of proteins and amino acids, Metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids, Biosynthesis and catabolism of Haemins and porphyrin compounds.
(d) Bioenergetics: Principles of bioenergetics. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Regulation of Metabolic Processes
(a) Role of Vitamins: Physiological role of Fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and Water-soluble (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Pyridoxal phosphate, Biotin Folic acid, Cyanocobalamin – members of B-complex family – and Ascorbic acid), Coenzymes and their role in the regulation of metabolic processes.
(b) Receptor mediated regulation (Hormones): Mechanism of action of hormones, Physiological roles of various hormones, Site of synthesis and target sites of hormones.
(c) Secondary Messengers: Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in the regulation of metabolic processes.
(d) Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription and Translation (Gene expression) Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Basic principles of Recombinant DNA technology, Pharmaceutical applications. Balance of Catabolic, Anabolic and Amphibolic processes in human metabolism, Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance in Human body.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-II
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the requirements, e.g. Quantitative analysis of: Carbohydrates – Glucose (reducing sugar) and any other carbohydrate using Benedict and Anthrone method. Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins using Biuret and Ninhydrin (Spectrophotometric) method. Analysis of normal and abnormal components of Urine including Sugar, Uric acid, Bilirubin, Cholesterol and Creatinine.
Recommended Books
1. M N Chaterjea, Medical Biochemistry, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Roberk Murray, Daryl K, Granner, Peter A Mayes, Victor W Rodwell Harper’s Biochemistry, Appleton and Lange, Lange Medical Publications, NewYork, 2000.
3. Albert L Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publisher, Delhi, 1993.
4. Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, W H Freeman and Company, 2002.
5. Pamela C Champe, Richard A Harvey, Illustrated Biochemistry, J Lippincot Company,
6. Harper’s Biochemistry, Print-Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
7. M Rafiq, Biochemistry, The Caravan Book House, Lahore, 1st Ed.
8. Montogomary, Clinical Chemistry, The C V Mosby Company, 5th Ed.
9. Conn and Stumpf, Outlines of Biochemistry, John Willey & Sons, New York, 5th Ed.,
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Metabolic fate of Biomolecules (Anabolism and Catabolism)
(a) Carbohydrates: Introduction to metabolism, Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of Glucose, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Citric acid cycle, Energetics of various metabolic processes.
(b) Lipids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of lipids, Oxidation of fatty acids through รข-oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, neutral lipids and cholesterol.
(c) Proteins and Amino acids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of proteins and amino acids, Metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids, Biosynthesis and catabolism of Haemins and porphyrin compounds.
(d) Bioenergetics: Principles of bioenergetics. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Regulation of Metabolic Processes
(a) Role of Vitamins: Physiological role of Fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and Water-soluble (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Pyridoxal phosphate, Biotin Folic acid, Cyanocobalamin – members of B-complex family – and Ascorbic acid), Coenzymes and their role in the regulation of metabolic processes.
(b) Receptor mediated regulation (Hormones): Mechanism of action of hormones, Physiological roles of various hormones, Site of synthesis and target sites of hormones.
(c) Secondary Messengers: Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in the regulation of metabolic processes.
(d) Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription and Translation (Gene expression) Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Basic principles of Recombinant DNA technology, Pharmaceutical applications. Balance of Catabolic, Anabolic and Amphibolic processes in human metabolism, Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance in Human body.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-II
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the requirements, e.g. Quantitative analysis of: Carbohydrates – Glucose (reducing sugar) and any other carbohydrate using Benedict and Anthrone method. Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins using Biuret and Ninhydrin (Spectrophotometric) method. Analysis of normal and abnormal components of Urine including Sugar, Uric acid, Bilirubin, Cholesterol and Creatinine.
Recommended Books
1. M N Chaterjea, Medical Biochemistry, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Roberk Murray, Daryl K, Granner, Peter A Mayes, Victor W Rodwell Harper’s Biochemistry, Appleton and Lange, Lange Medical Publications, NewYork, 2000.
3. Albert L Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publisher, Delhi, 1993.
4. Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, W H Freeman and Company, 2002.
5. Pamela C Champe, Richard A Harvey, Illustrated Biochemistry, J Lippincot Company,
6. Harper’s Biochemistry, Print-Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
7. M Rafiq, Biochemistry, The Caravan Book House, Lahore, 1st Ed.
8. Montogomary, Clinical Chemistry, The C V Mosby Company, 5th Ed.
9. Conn and Stumpf, Outlines of Biochemistry, John Willey & Sons, New York, 5th Ed.,
First Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (Organic-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Note: The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.
1. Stereochemistry: Stereoisomerism, optical isomerism; Molecules with more than one chiral center. Geometrical isomerism, Resolution of racemic mixture. Conformational analysis.
2. Free radicals: Introduction, structure and stability, preparation and properties.
3. General methods of preparations, properties, identification test and pharmaceutical applications of the following classes and their analogues:
Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, esters, Amines and Aniline, Lactones, Lactams, Amides, Imides, Diazonium salts.
4. Preparation and properties of medicinally important heterocyclic compounds such as: Pyrrol, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyrazine.
5. Preparation and properties of heterocyclic compounds in which benzoring is fused with five and six membered ring containing one heteroatom; Indole, Quinoline and Isoquinoline.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (Organic-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Organic Preparations like Benzoic acid, Aspirin, Acetanilide, Iodoform, Nitrophenol, 3-nitrophthalic acid, Benzhydrol, 2, 4-Dinitro-chlorobenzene.
Recommended Books
1. Peter Sykes, A guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman, New York, 1st Ed., 1991.
2. E L Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
3. Rehman and M. Younis, Organic Chemistry for B.Sc. students, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, 1997.
4. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol I, Person Education Asia, 6th Ed., New Delhi, 2001.
5. Raj K Bansel, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
6. Furaiss Brian, Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., ELBS, London.
7. Sykes A P, Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Lonsmen Co, UK, 1970.
8. Roberts J D and Caserio M C, Basic Principles of organic Chemistry, 1990.
9. Naser-ud-Din, Introduction to Stereochemistry, Ghafoor Stationery Mart, Peshawar, 1994.
10. Bhal B S, Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S Chand & Co, New Delhi, 14th Ed., 1995.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Note: The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.
1. Stereochemistry: Stereoisomerism, optical isomerism; Molecules with more than one chiral center. Geometrical isomerism, Resolution of racemic mixture. Conformational analysis.
2. Free radicals: Introduction, structure and stability, preparation and properties.
3. General methods of preparations, properties, identification test and pharmaceutical applications of the following classes and their analogues:
Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, esters, Amines and Aniline, Lactones, Lactams, Amides, Imides, Diazonium salts.
4. Preparation and properties of medicinally important heterocyclic compounds such as: Pyrrol, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyrazine.
5. Preparation and properties of heterocyclic compounds in which benzoring is fused with five and six membered ring containing one heteroatom; Indole, Quinoline and Isoquinoline.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (Organic-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Organic Preparations like Benzoic acid, Aspirin, Acetanilide, Iodoform, Nitrophenol, 3-nitrophthalic acid, Benzhydrol, 2, 4-Dinitro-chlorobenzene.
Recommended Books
1. Peter Sykes, A guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman, New York, 1st Ed., 1991.
2. E L Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
3. Rehman and M. Younis, Organic Chemistry for B.Sc. students, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, 1997.
4. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol I, Person Education Asia, 6th Ed., New Delhi, 2001.
5. Raj K Bansel, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
6. Furaiss Brian, Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., ELBS, London.
7. Sykes A P, Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Lonsmen Co, UK, 1970.
8. Roberts J D and Caserio M C, Basic Principles of organic Chemistry, 1990.
9. Naser-ud-Din, Introduction to Stereochemistry, Ghafoor Stationery Mart, Peshawar, 1994.
10. Bhal B S, Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S Chand & Co, New Delhi, 14th Ed., 1995.
First Professional; First Semester, Mathematics
PHARMACEUTICAL MATHEMATICS
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 02
1. ALGEBRA:
(a) Sets and Functions: Elementary concepts of sets. Concept of Functions, Domain and Range of a Function. Different types of Functions. Graphical representation of a function. Some applications of Functions.
(b) Solution of Linear and Quadratic Equations. Equations reducible to Quadratic Form. Solution of simultaneous Equations.
(c) Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Means.
(d) Permutations and combinations.
(e) Binomial Theorem: Simple application.
2. TRIGONOMETRY: Measurement of Angles in Radian and degrees. Definitions of circular functions. Derivation of circular function for simple cases.
3. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY: Coordinates on point in a plane. Distance between two points in a plane. Locus, Equations of straight line, Equation of Parabola, Circle and Ellips.
4. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS: Concept of Derivations. Rules of Differentiation. Examples on the evaluation of Derivations. Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Partial Derivations. Higher Order Derivatives. Maxima & Minima points of Inflections.
5. INTEGRAL CALCULUS: Concept of Integration. Rules of Integrations. Integrations of Algebric and Trignomatric functions by using different techniques.
Recommended Books
1. C H Edvards Jr and David E Penney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Prentice-Hall, Inc, A division of Sinon & Schustor Englewood Gliffs, New Jersey 07632, USA, 1995.
2. Ahmed B and Khan M, Mathmactics for Pharmacists, Arsalan Paper Mart, Multan, 1993.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 02
1. ALGEBRA:
(a) Sets and Functions: Elementary concepts of sets. Concept of Functions, Domain and Range of a Function. Different types of Functions. Graphical representation of a function. Some applications of Functions.
(b) Solution of Linear and Quadratic Equations. Equations reducible to Quadratic Form. Solution of simultaneous Equations.
(c) Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Means.
(d) Permutations and combinations.
(e) Binomial Theorem: Simple application.
2. TRIGONOMETRY: Measurement of Angles in Radian and degrees. Definitions of circular functions. Derivation of circular function for simple cases.
3. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY: Coordinates on point in a plane. Distance between two points in a plane. Locus, Equations of straight line, Equation of Parabola, Circle and Ellips.
4. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS: Concept of Derivations. Rules of Differentiation. Examples on the evaluation of Derivations. Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Partial Derivations. Higher Order Derivatives. Maxima & Minima points of Inflections.
5. INTEGRAL CALCULUS: Concept of Integration. Rules of Integrations. Integrations of Algebric and Trignomatric functions by using different techniques.
Recommended Books
1. C H Edvards Jr and David E Penney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Prentice-Hall, Inc, A division of Sinon & Schustor Englewood Gliffs, New Jersey 07632, USA, 1995.
2. Ahmed B and Khan M, Mathmactics for Pharmacists, Arsalan Paper Mart, Multan, 1993.
First Professional; First Semester, Anatomy
ANATOMY
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Introduction: Anatomical Terminology: Definition. Cell, tissue, organ system.
2. Cardiovascular System:
(a) Heart: Structure of Heart, Location of Heart, Blood Supply to Heart.
(c) Blood Vessels: Main blood vessels arising & entering the heart. Types of blood vessels with examples.
3. Respiratory System: Name and structures of different parts of respiratory system and their inter-relationship.
4. Elementary System: Name and structure of different parts of elementary system and their inter-relationship.
5. Urinary System: Name and structure of organs of urinarysystem and their inter-relationship.
6. Reproductive System: Male ande Female reproductive systems. Name, structure and association of the organs.
7. Endocrine System:
(a) Pituitary gland, structure and relation to hypothalamus.
(b) Thyroid gland, structure.
(c) Adrenal gland, structure.
8. Nervous System:
Introduction: Cells of Nervous System (Neuron), Accessory cells of NS Organisation of Nervous System:
(a) Central Nervous System: Brain — Meninges (Cerebrum — cerebral Lobes, Ventricals, Cerebellum — Anatomy of Cerebellum, Brain Stem — Mid-Brain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Diencephalon, Thalamus, Hypothelamus, Cranial Nerves, Spinal Cord — Meninges. CSF Internal Structure. Sensory and Motor Pathway. Spinal Reflexes.
Peripheral Spinal Nerves.
(b) Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Recommended Books
1. Romanes, G J, Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. Humphary Kalfom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, London, 3 volumes, 1996.
2. Gray’s Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied. Longman’s Green and Co,
London, 1996.
3. J G Romanes, London, Cunningham’s Textbook of Anatomy. Oxford University Press, 1996.
4. Snell, R.S. Clinical Anatomy, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1996.
5. Keith L More and TVN Persaud, Philadelphia, Clinically Oriented Human Anatomy. W B Saunders, 1996.
6. B Grant, A Method of Anatomy, Bailliere Tinal and Co, Ltd, London.
7. W J Hamilton, A textbook of Anatomy, Macmillan and Co, London.
8. R J Last, Anatomy, Regional and Applied, J and A Churchill Ltd,
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Introduction: Anatomical Terminology: Definition. Cell, tissue, organ system.
2. Cardiovascular System:
(a) Heart: Structure of Heart, Location of Heart, Blood Supply to Heart.
(c) Blood Vessels: Main blood vessels arising & entering the heart. Types of blood vessels with examples.
3. Respiratory System: Name and structures of different parts of respiratory system and their inter-relationship.
4. Elementary System: Name and structure of different parts of elementary system and their inter-relationship.
5. Urinary System: Name and structure of organs of urinarysystem and their inter-relationship.
6. Reproductive System: Male ande Female reproductive systems. Name, structure and association of the organs.
7. Endocrine System:
(a) Pituitary gland, structure and relation to hypothalamus.
(b) Thyroid gland, structure.
(c) Adrenal gland, structure.
8. Nervous System:
Introduction: Cells of Nervous System (Neuron), Accessory cells of NS Organisation of Nervous System:
(a) Central Nervous System: Brain — Meninges (Cerebrum — cerebral Lobes, Ventricals, Cerebellum — Anatomy of Cerebellum, Brain Stem — Mid-Brain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Diencephalon, Thalamus, Hypothelamus, Cranial Nerves, Spinal Cord — Meninges. CSF Internal Structure. Sensory and Motor Pathway. Spinal Reflexes.
Peripheral Spinal Nerves.
(b) Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Recommended Books
1. Romanes, G J, Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. Humphary Kalfom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, London, 3 volumes, 1996.
2. Gray’s Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied. Longman’s Green and Co,
London, 1996.
3. J G Romanes, London, Cunningham’s Textbook of Anatomy. Oxford University Press, 1996.
4. Snell, R.S. Clinical Anatomy, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1996.
5. Keith L More and TVN Persaud, Philadelphia, Clinically Oriented Human Anatomy. W B Saunders, 1996.
6. B Grant, A Method of Anatomy, Bailliere Tinal and Co, Ltd, London.
7. W J Hamilton, A textbook of Anatomy, Macmillan and Co, London.
8. R J Last, Anatomy, Regional and Applied, J and A Churchill Ltd,
First Professional; First Semester, Physiology and Histology
PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY-I
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Physiology
1. BLOOD: Composition of blood (RBC, WBC and Platelets), Functions and Genesis of the formed elements, Fate of Red Blood cells, Jaundice, Reaction of Blood, Blood groups, Rh factors, ESR Blood volume, 80
Functions of Spleen, Blood coagulation, Hemophilia. Anaemias —classification.
2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Properties of the cardiac muscle. Origin and conduction of the heart beat. Cardiac cycle. ECG. Heart sounds.
Cardiac output. Stroke volume and heart rate. Nerve supply of the Heart. Coronary, Pulmonary, and skin circulation. Blood pressure, vasomotor system. Arterial pulse. Venous pulse, capillary circulation. Axon reflex, Triple response. Haemorrhage. Circulatory changes in exercise. Composition and circulate of lymph. Haemorrhage & Shock.
3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Mechanics of respiration. Intrathoracic, intrapulmonary pressure, pulmonary ventilation. Lungs volume and capacities. Composition of Inspired air, expired air and alveolar air, carriage of O2 and CO2 by the blood. Regulation of breathing (Nervous & Chemical control). Respiratory changes in exercise, pneumonias, emphysema and bronchial asthma.
4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mastication, Deglutation, Digestive juicessaliva, Gastric juice, Pancreatic juice. Bile and intestinal juices; their composition, Functions and mechanism of secreation, Movements of the stomach and intestines. Functions of large intestine. Defecation. Functions of liver and gall bladder.
5. URINARY SYSTEM: Urine formation — composition of urine —GFR Urea clearance. Formation of concentrated and diluted urine.
Histology
1. Introductin of cell: General structure of tissues in different systems of Body.
2. Basic Tissues: Epthelium (classification, shape, distribution and function). Supporting/connective tissue including bones and cartilage. (Classification, Distribution and Function) Muscular Tissue. (Types, distribution and function) Nervous Tissue (neuron and its types Neuroglia — classification and distribution).
3. Gastrointestinal tract: GIT including exocrine organs: Liver, pancreas and Gall Bladder.
4. Respiratory system: Respiratory system including Nasal cavity, Larynx, Trachea, Lung.
5. Cardio vascular System: Heart, Artery, Vein, Lymphatic.
PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY-I
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities.
Physiology
1. Blood: Determination of Haemoglobin (Hb), ESR, RBC Count, WBC Count, DLC (Differential Leucocyte Count), Bleeding Time, Coagulation Time and Determination of blood groups.
2. Respiration: Estimation of vital capacity and its relation to posture and standard vital capacity. Determination of tidal volume. Demonstration of artificial respiration.
3. CVS: Recording of Arterial Pulse, Recording of Arterial Blood Pressure and Electro-cardiogram
Histology (Laboratory)
1. Demonstration of preparation and staining of slides. Histological examination of slides, epithelium, connective tissues, muscle tissues, Organ system – Lung, appendix, Gall bladder, Stomach, Intestine, Heart, Artery, Vein, Lymphatic, etc.
Recommended Books
Physiology
1. Arthur C Guyton, M D, Text Books of Medical Physiology, W B Saunders Company, 9th Ed., 1996.
2. William F Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, Prentice Hgall international Inc, 17th Ed., 1995.
3. Chandi Charan Chatterjee, Human Physiology, Medical allied agency, 1994.
4. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology. Revised by Cyril A Keele and Eric Neil.
5. Spence A P and Mason E B, Human Anatomy and Physiology, Beajamin/Cumming Publishing Inc Clifornia, 3rd Ed.
6. Snell R S, Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students, Litle Brown & Co Inc USA, 1992.
Histology
1. Bradbury S, Hewer’s Text Book of Histology, ELBS, London, 1984.
2. Reference Book: Tissues of the body by Legros Clerks. Publisher Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London.
3. Cormack H D, Essential Histology, J B Lippincott Co Philadelphia, 1993.
4. Hammersen F, Histology; color Atlas Of Microscopic Anatomy, Lee & Febijer Co, Pennsylvania, 1985.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Physiology
1. BLOOD: Composition of blood (RBC, WBC and Platelets), Functions and Genesis of the formed elements, Fate of Red Blood cells, Jaundice, Reaction of Blood, Blood groups, Rh factors, ESR Blood volume, 80
Functions of Spleen, Blood coagulation, Hemophilia. Anaemias —classification.
2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Properties of the cardiac muscle. Origin and conduction of the heart beat. Cardiac cycle. ECG. Heart sounds.
Cardiac output. Stroke volume and heart rate. Nerve supply of the Heart. Coronary, Pulmonary, and skin circulation. Blood pressure, vasomotor system. Arterial pulse. Venous pulse, capillary circulation. Axon reflex, Triple response. Haemorrhage. Circulatory changes in exercise. Composition and circulate of lymph. Haemorrhage & Shock.
3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Mechanics of respiration. Intrathoracic, intrapulmonary pressure, pulmonary ventilation. Lungs volume and capacities. Composition of Inspired air, expired air and alveolar air, carriage of O2 and CO2 by the blood. Regulation of breathing (Nervous & Chemical control). Respiratory changes in exercise, pneumonias, emphysema and bronchial asthma.
4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mastication, Deglutation, Digestive juicessaliva, Gastric juice, Pancreatic juice. Bile and intestinal juices; their composition, Functions and mechanism of secreation, Movements of the stomach and intestines. Functions of large intestine. Defecation. Functions of liver and gall bladder.
5. URINARY SYSTEM: Urine formation — composition of urine —GFR Urea clearance. Formation of concentrated and diluted urine.
Histology
1. Introductin of cell: General structure of tissues in different systems of Body.
2. Basic Tissues: Epthelium (classification, shape, distribution and function). Supporting/connective tissue including bones and cartilage. (Classification, Distribution and Function) Muscular Tissue. (Types, distribution and function) Nervous Tissue (neuron and its types Neuroglia — classification and distribution).
3. Gastrointestinal tract: GIT including exocrine organs: Liver, pancreas and Gall Bladder.
4. Respiratory system: Respiratory system including Nasal cavity, Larynx, Trachea, Lung.
5. Cardio vascular System: Heart, Artery, Vein, Lymphatic.
PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY-I
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities.
Physiology
1. Blood: Determination of Haemoglobin (Hb), ESR, RBC Count, WBC Count, DLC (Differential Leucocyte Count), Bleeding Time, Coagulation Time and Determination of blood groups.
2. Respiration: Estimation of vital capacity and its relation to posture and standard vital capacity. Determination of tidal volume. Demonstration of artificial respiration.
3. CVS: Recording of Arterial Pulse, Recording of Arterial Blood Pressure and Electro-cardiogram
Histology (Laboratory)
1. Demonstration of preparation and staining of slides. Histological examination of slides, epithelium, connective tissues, muscle tissues, Organ system – Lung, appendix, Gall bladder, Stomach, Intestine, Heart, Artery, Vein, Lymphatic, etc.
Recommended Books
Physiology
1. Arthur C Guyton, M D, Text Books of Medical Physiology, W B Saunders Company, 9th Ed., 1996.
2. William F Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, Prentice Hgall international Inc, 17th Ed., 1995.
3. Chandi Charan Chatterjee, Human Physiology, Medical allied agency, 1994.
4. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology. Revised by Cyril A Keele and Eric Neil.
5. Spence A P and Mason E B, Human Anatomy and Physiology, Beajamin/Cumming Publishing Inc Clifornia, 3rd Ed.
6. Snell R S, Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students, Litle Brown & Co Inc USA, 1992.
Histology
1. Bradbury S, Hewer’s Text Book of Histology, ELBS, London, 1984.
2. Reference Book: Tissues of the body by Legros Clerks. Publisher Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London.
3. Cormack H D, Essential Histology, J B Lippincott Co Philadelphia, 1993.
4. Hammersen F, Histology; color Atlas Of Microscopic Anatomy, Lee & Febijer Co, Pennsylvania, 1985.
First Professional; First Semester, Pharmaceutics
PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY-I)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. PHARMACY ORIENTATION:
Introduction and orientation to the Professional of pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail pharmacy, Industrial pharmacy, Forensic pharmacy, Pharmaceutical education and research etc.
2. HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY:
(a) A survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient, Greek and Arab periods with special reference to contribution of Muslim scientists to pharmacy and allied sciences.
(b) An introduction of various official books.
3. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:
(a) Precipitation: Process of precipitation and its applications in Pharmacy.
(b) Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism and methods of crystallization and its applications in Pharmacy.
(c) Distillation: Simple, fractional, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and their applications in Pharmacy.
(d) Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence, lyophillization, elutriation, exsiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion, calcination, adsorption, decantation, evaporation, vaporization, centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.
4. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:
(a) Solutions: Introduction, types, concentration expressions, ideal and real solution, colligative properties, their mathematical derivations and applications in pharmacy, molecular weight determinations, distribution co-efficient and its applications in pharmacy.
(b) Solubilization: Solubility, factors affecting solubility, surfactants, their properties and types. Micelles, their formulation and types.
(c) Ionization, pH, pH indicators, pka, buffers, buffer’s equation, isotonic solutions and their applications in pharmacy.
(d) Hydrolysis, types and protection of drugs against hydrolysis.
(e) Micromeritics: Particle size and shapes, distribution of particles methods of determination of particle size and importance of particle size in Pharmacy.
PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY-I)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Experiments to demonstrate some of the physicochemical processes like simple distillation, steam distillation, crystallization and dialysis. Determination of particle size. Preparation of buffer solutions and isotonic solutions.
Recommended Books
1. Martin, Physical Pharmacy, B I Waverly PVT, Delhi, 4th Ed., 1994.
2. Cooper and Gunns, Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi,
3. Bentley’s Pharmaceutics, All India Traveler Book Seller, New Delhi, 1996.
4. Martin P, Bustamante P and Chun, Physical and Chemical Principles of Pharmaceutical Science, AHC, 4th Ed., (1999), New York.
5. Martin AMN, Banker G S and Chun AHC Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Mill C C Casson, N, Rheology of dispress systems. Pergamon Press, New York, 1975.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. PHARMACY ORIENTATION:
Introduction and orientation to the Professional of pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail pharmacy, Industrial pharmacy, Forensic pharmacy, Pharmaceutical education and research etc.
2. HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY:
(a) A survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient, Greek and Arab periods with special reference to contribution of Muslim scientists to pharmacy and allied sciences.
(b) An introduction of various official books.
3. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:
(a) Precipitation: Process of precipitation and its applications in Pharmacy.
(b) Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism and methods of crystallization and its applications in Pharmacy.
(c) Distillation: Simple, fractional, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and their applications in Pharmacy.
(d) Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence, lyophillization, elutriation, exsiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion, calcination, adsorption, decantation, evaporation, vaporization, centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.
4. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:
(a) Solutions: Introduction, types, concentration expressions, ideal and real solution, colligative properties, their mathematical derivations and applications in pharmacy, molecular weight determinations, distribution co-efficient and its applications in pharmacy.
(b) Solubilization: Solubility, factors affecting solubility, surfactants, their properties and types. Micelles, their formulation and types.
(c) Ionization, pH, pH indicators, pka, buffers, buffer’s equation, isotonic solutions and their applications in pharmacy.
(d) Hydrolysis, types and protection of drugs against hydrolysis.
(e) Micromeritics: Particle size and shapes, distribution of particles methods of determination of particle size and importance of particle size in Pharmacy.
PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY-I)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Experiments to demonstrate some of the physicochemical processes like simple distillation, steam distillation, crystallization and dialysis. Determination of particle size. Preparation of buffer solutions and isotonic solutions.
Recommended Books
1. Martin, Physical Pharmacy, B I Waverly PVT, Delhi, 4th Ed., 1994.
2. Cooper and Gunns, Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi,
3. Bentley’s Pharmaceutics, All India Traveler Book Seller, New Delhi, 1996.
4. Martin P, Bustamante P and Chun, Physical and Chemical Principles of Pharmaceutical Science, AHC, 4th Ed., (1999), New York.
5. Martin AMN, Banker G S and Chun AHC Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Mill C C Casson, N, Rheology of dispress systems. Pergamon Press, New York, 1975.
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