Lagrangian method is one of the optimization methods and is an extened form of Classic method of simplifying the formulae and methods. This method helps in finding the maxima i.e. greatest possible amount, and minima i.e. minimum possible degree, of a function depending on the constraints.
Following steps are usually followed in the langragian method:
1. Objective function is determined:
Objective function is a function in optimization theory. This function is to be maximized or minimized i.e. to be optimized. Here function is a quantity depending on another quantity and it can be changed by changing the values of the other quantity.
We can express objective funcion with expression like "Z(X')"
Where X' is the decision variable representing variable for which we can make decisions or which can be changed i.e. X' = (X1, X2,...Xn)
2. Constraints are determined
Constraints are the factors that causes limitations to the freedom of something. Problems related to pharmaceutical product and process desgin are considered as constrained optimization problems.
3. Inequality constraints are converted into equality constraints
4. From the lagrange function, assign
a. One lagrange multiplier i.e. lambda for each constraint
b. One slack variable i.e q for each inequaltiy constraint
5. The lagrange function for each variable, is differentiated partially, and setting the derivative equal to zero.
6. The set of simultaneous equations are solved
7. Resulting values are substituted into the objective functions
Provision for this method is the completion of the experiment before the optimization so that the mathematical models can be generated. Moreover, in lagrangian method several responses or dependent variables can be handled but work can be done on only two independent variables.
Friday, March 4, 2011
Indian Journal of Cancer
The Indian journal of cancer is a peer reviewed journal published on behalf of Indian society of oncology and indian cancer society giving free access to articles on its website http://www.indianjcancer.com.it/ was established in 1963.
Following are the topics included in the Indian Journal of Cancer:
1. Oncology
2. Oncopathology
3. Radiation Oncology
4. Surgical Oncology
Its Pubmed articles are also present in the link below:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Cancer[jo]
The Address of its editorial office is as follows:
Following are the topics included in the Indian Journal of Cancer:
1. Oncology
2. Oncopathology
3. Radiation Oncology
4. Surgical Oncology
Its Pubmed articles are also present in the link below:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Cancer[jo]
The Address of its editorial office is as follows:
INDIAN CANCER SOCIETY
Lady Ratan Tata Medical and Research Centre
M. Karve Road, Cooperage, Bombay 400021, India.
Phone: 91-22-2202 9941/2202 9942,
Fax: 91-22-2287 2745
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" is one of the peer reviewed medical journals having free full text articles on its website, http://www.ijpsonline.com/. This journal is an official publication of science from Indian Pharmaceutical Association. Initially, this publication came on quarterly basis but now this journal is bimonthly and works since 1939.
Following are the subjects covered by Injian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences:
1. Pharmaceutics including Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacy practice, hospital and clinical pharmacy
2. Pharmacology
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis
Following link gives the results of Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Pubmed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+Sciences[jo]
Address of the editorial office of "Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" is as follows:
Following are the subjects covered by Injian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences:
1. Pharmaceutics including Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacy practice, hospital and clinical pharmacy
2. Pharmacology
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis
Following link gives the results of Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Pubmed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+Sciences[jo]
Address of the editorial office of "Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" is as follows:
The Editor,
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kalina, Santacruz East,
Kalina, Santacruz East,
Mumbai-400 098.
Email: ijps2002(at)rediffmail(dot)com
Fifth Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutical Management
PHARMACEUTICS-XXI (Pharmaceutical Management and; Marketing-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. MARKETING MANAGEMENT:
Marketing channels, Promotion and Advertising and Salesmanship.
2. SALES MANAGEMENT:
Personnel, Buying, Receiving, Pricing, Sales promotion and Customer Services.
3. PHARMACY LAYOUT DESIGN:
Objectives of Layout Design, Types of Community Pharmacies (Pharmaceutical Centre, Prescription-oriented Pharmacies, Traditional Pharmacies and The Super Drug Store), Consumer goods and purchases, Classes of Layout designs, Principles and characteristics of Layout Design and Traffic Flow analysis.
Recommended Books
1. M Ahmad & N I Bukhari, Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, Tariq Academy, Faisalabad-Pakistan (2002).
2. Patrick Tharp & Pedro J Lecca, Pharmacy Management for students and practitioners, The C V Mosby Company, St Louis, Toronto, London (1979).
3. Harry A Smith, Principles & Methods of Pharmacy Management, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1986.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. MARKETING MANAGEMENT:
Marketing channels, Promotion and Advertising and Salesmanship.
2. SALES MANAGEMENT:
Personnel, Buying, Receiving, Pricing, Sales promotion and Customer Services.
3. PHARMACY LAYOUT DESIGN:
Objectives of Layout Design, Types of Community Pharmacies (Pharmaceutical Centre, Prescription-oriented Pharmacies, Traditional Pharmacies and The Super Drug Store), Consumer goods and purchases, Classes of Layout designs, Principles and characteristics of Layout Design and Traffic Flow analysis.
Recommended Books
1. M Ahmad & N I Bukhari, Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, Tariq Academy, Faisalabad-Pakistan (2002).
2. Patrick Tharp & Pedro J Lecca, Pharmacy Management for students and practitioners, The C V Mosby Company, St Louis, Toronto, London (1979).
3. Harry A Smith, Principles & Methods of Pharmacy Management, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1986.
Fifth Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutics
PHARMACEUTICS-XX (Forensic Pharmacy-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 01
1. THE PHARMACY ACT, 1967.
2. THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT, 1930.
3. THE FACTORY LAW 1934.
4. SHOPS AND ESTABLISHMENT ORDINANCE, 1969 WITH
RULES.
5. THE POISONS ACT, 1919.
6. CONTROL OF NARCOTICS SUBSTANCES ACT, 1997.
Recommended Books
1. R Z Hussain, The Manual of Drug Laws in Pakistan, Irfan Law Book House, Lahore-Pakistan (2003).
2. The Pharmacy Act, 1967
3. The Poisons Act, 1919
4. The Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930
5. The Factory Law, 1934
6. Shop and Establishment Ordinance, 1969
7. Control of Narcotics Substances Act, 1997.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 01
1. THE PHARMACY ACT, 1967.
2. THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT, 1930.
3. THE FACTORY LAW 1934.
4. SHOPS AND ESTABLISHMENT ORDINANCE, 1969 WITH
RULES.
5. THE POISONS ACT, 1919.
6. CONTROL OF NARCOTICS SUBSTANCES ACT, 1997.
Recommended Books
1. R Z Hussain, The Manual of Drug Laws in Pakistan, Irfan Law Book House, Lahore-Pakistan (2003).
2. The Pharmacy Act, 1967
3. The Poisons Act, 1919
4. The Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930
5. The Factory Law, 1934
6. Shop and Establishment Ordinance, 1969
7. Control of Narcotics Substances Act, 1997.
Fifth Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutical Technology
PHARMACEUTICS-XIX (Pharmaceutical Technology-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. MODIFIED DRUG RELEASE DOSAGE FORM:
The concept of sustained release, First order release approximation, Multiple dosing, Implementation of designing, Approaches based upon dosage form modification, Product evaluation and testing, Matrices tablets, Control release technology, Microencapsulation, Method of particle coating and Instrumentation in granule manufacturing.
2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Biotechnological aspects in the product development, Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering and its Application in Medicine, Principle, Synthesis and Application of Monoclonal, Antibodies, Introduction to Gene therapy, Immobilized Enzymes and their application in Medicine, General Principle and Methods of Microbial Assay.
PHARMACEUTICS-XIX (Pharmaceutical Technology-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Microbial assay, Particle size analysis using various methods, Stability studies of Pharmaceuticals, Coating of particles and To prepare, examine and control specifications of packaging materials.
Recommended Books
1. Anya M Hellery, Drug delivery and targeting, Taylor & Francis, London, 2001.
2. Joseph R Robinson Controlled drug delivery, Marcel & Dakker Inc, New York, 2nd Ed., 1987.
3. T V Ramabhadran, Pharmaceutical design and development, Ellis Horwood, New York, 1994.
4. M E Aulton, Pharmaceutics: Science of Dosage Forms Design, ELBS/Churchill Livingstone, London, 1998.
5. Banker, Modern pharmaceutics, Marchell Dakker Inc, New York, 1990.
6. John A Bontempo, Development of biopharmaceutical parenteral dosage forms, Marchell Dakker Inc, New York, 1997.
7. N K Jain, Controlled and Novel drug delivery, CBS Publishers and Distributers, New Dehi, 1997.
8. Ansel, Pharmaceutical Dosage Form in Drug Delivery System, Lee and Febiger, London, 1990.
9. Attaurahman and M I Chaudry, Bioassay techniques for drug development, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2001.
10. Pramod K Gupta, Inject able drug development, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 1999.
11. H John Smith, Introduction to the principals of drug design and action, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 1998.
12. Rong Liu, Water Insoluble Drug Formulations, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2000.
13. Peter Blaisdell, Twenty First Century Pharmaceutical Development. CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2000.
14. Lachman L, Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lee & Febiger, Philadelphia, 3rd Ed., 1986.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. MODIFIED DRUG RELEASE DOSAGE FORM:
The concept of sustained release, First order release approximation, Multiple dosing, Implementation of designing, Approaches based upon dosage form modification, Product evaluation and testing, Matrices tablets, Control release technology, Microencapsulation, Method of particle coating and Instrumentation in granule manufacturing.
2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Biotechnological aspects in the product development, Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering and its Application in Medicine, Principle, Synthesis and Application of Monoclonal, Antibodies, Introduction to Gene therapy, Immobilized Enzymes and their application in Medicine, General Principle and Methods of Microbial Assay.
PHARMACEUTICS-XIX (Pharmaceutical Technology-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Microbial assay, Particle size analysis using various methods, Stability studies of Pharmaceuticals, Coating of particles and To prepare, examine and control specifications of packaging materials.
Recommended Books
1. Anya M Hellery, Drug delivery and targeting, Taylor & Francis, London, 2001.
2. Joseph R Robinson Controlled drug delivery, Marcel & Dakker Inc, New York, 2nd Ed., 1987.
3. T V Ramabhadran, Pharmaceutical design and development, Ellis Horwood, New York, 1994.
4. M E Aulton, Pharmaceutics: Science of Dosage Forms Design, ELBS/Churchill Livingstone, London, 1998.
5. Banker, Modern pharmaceutics, Marchell Dakker Inc, New York, 1990.
6. John A Bontempo, Development of biopharmaceutical parenteral dosage forms, Marchell Dakker Inc, New York, 1997.
7. N K Jain, Controlled and Novel drug delivery, CBS Publishers and Distributers, New Dehi, 1997.
8. Ansel, Pharmaceutical Dosage Form in Drug Delivery System, Lee and Febiger, London, 1990.
9. Attaurahman and M I Chaudry, Bioassay techniques for drug development, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2001.
10. Pramod K Gupta, Inject able drug development, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 1999.
11. H John Smith, Introduction to the principals of drug design and action, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 1998.
12. Rong Liu, Water Insoluble Drug Formulations, CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2000.
13. Peter Blaisdell, Twenty First Century Pharmaceutical Development. CRC Press, LLC, USA, 2000.
14. Lachman L, Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lee & Febiger, Philadelphia, 3rd Ed., 1986.
Fifth Professional, Second Semester, Pharmaceutics
PHARMACEUTICS-XVIII (Clinical Pharmacy-IV)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE, ITS SCOPE, MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF CARE PLAN.
2. ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY.
3. CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS:
(a) General Strategy: Terminology of Disease. Management and Treatment. Drug Selection.
(b) Basic introduction of some clinical situations, their clinical features, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of causes:
Common Cold, Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Diarrhea, Malaria, Meningitis, Tetanus, Typhoid Fever, Measles, Rabies, AIDS, Congestive cardiac failure,
Conjunctivitis, Anaemia, Gout, Asthma, Ulcer, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Hapatitis, Dermatology (Scabies, Fungal diseases).
4. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY:
(a) General information. Role of pharmacist in treatment of poisoning and general management of poisoning & overdosage. Role and Status of Poison Control Centre.
(b) Antidotes and their mechanism of action
5. SAVE INTRAVENOUS THERAPY & HAZARDS OF INTRAVENOUS THERAPY.
6. NON-COMPLIANCE:
Definition, introduction and importance, Extent of non-compliance, Methods of assessment, Reasons for non-compliance, Strategies for improving compliance and Designing of compliance trials.
PHARMACEUTICS-XVIII (Clinical Pharmacy-IV)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
Clerkship in the Clinical setting. A project related to Clinical Pharmacy Practices will be completed by the students and will be evaluated by the external examiner.
Recommended Books
1. Roger Walker, Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Churchill Levingstone, London,
2. Guard Paul, A Behavioral Approach to Pharmacy Practice, Black Well, USA,
3. Herfindal Gourley, Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics,
4. A J Winfield, Pharmaceutical Practice, Churchill Levingstone, London,
5. Kavin Taylor, Pharmacy Practice, Taylor & Francis, New York, 1998.
6. Deborah Rosenbaun, Clinical Research Coordinator Hand Book,
7. Simon Cook, Clinical Studies Management, a Practical Guide to Success,
8. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopaedia of Clinical Pharmacy. Marcel Dekker Publishing,
9. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopaedia of Pharmacy. Marcel Dekker Publishing, 2002.
10. Mellainie J Rantucci, Pharmacist Talking with Patients, 1997.
11. Smith GDG and Aronson J K, Oxford Text Book of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Oxford University Press, UK, 1990.
12. Hansten P and Horn J, Drug interactions. Lee & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1989.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE, ITS SCOPE, MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF CARE PLAN.
2. ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY.
3. CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS:
(a) General Strategy: Terminology of Disease. Management and Treatment. Drug Selection.
(b) Basic introduction of some clinical situations, their clinical features, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of causes:
Common Cold, Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Diarrhea, Malaria, Meningitis, Tetanus, Typhoid Fever, Measles, Rabies, AIDS, Congestive cardiac failure,
Conjunctivitis, Anaemia, Gout, Asthma, Ulcer, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Hapatitis, Dermatology (Scabies, Fungal diseases).
4. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY:
(a) General information. Role of pharmacist in treatment of poisoning and general management of poisoning & overdosage. Role and Status of Poison Control Centre.
(b) Antidotes and their mechanism of action
5. SAVE INTRAVENOUS THERAPY & HAZARDS OF INTRAVENOUS THERAPY.
6. NON-COMPLIANCE:
Definition, introduction and importance, Extent of non-compliance, Methods of assessment, Reasons for non-compliance, Strategies for improving compliance and Designing of compliance trials.
PHARMACEUTICS-XVIII (Clinical Pharmacy-IV)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
Clerkship in the Clinical setting. A project related to Clinical Pharmacy Practices will be completed by the students and will be evaluated by the external examiner.
Recommended Books
1. Roger Walker, Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Churchill Levingstone, London,
2. Guard Paul, A Behavioral Approach to Pharmacy Practice, Black Well, USA,
3. Herfindal Gourley, Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics,
4. A J Winfield, Pharmaceutical Practice, Churchill Levingstone, London,
5. Kavin Taylor, Pharmacy Practice, Taylor & Francis, New York, 1998.
6. Deborah Rosenbaun, Clinical Research Coordinator Hand Book,
7. Simon Cook, Clinical Studies Management, a Practical Guide to Success,
8. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopaedia of Clinical Pharmacy. Marcel Dekker Publishing,
9. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopaedia of Pharmacy. Marcel Dekker Publishing, 2002.
10. Mellainie J Rantucci, Pharmacist Talking with Patients, 1997.
11. Smith GDG and Aronson J K, Oxford Text Book of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Oxford University Press, UK, 1990.
12. Hansten P and Horn J, Drug interactions. Lee & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1989.
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