First Professional; First Semester, Pharmaceutical Chemistry

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (ORGANIC-I)
[Theory]


Cr. Hr. 03

Note: The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.

1. BASIC CONCEPTS: Conjugation, hyperconjugation, steric effect, inductive effect, mesomeric effect, hydrogen bonding, Theory of resonance. Effect of structure on reactivity of compounds. Tautomerism of carbonyl compounds.

2. NUCLEOPHILIC AND ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION IN ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC SYSTEMS.

3. ORIENTATION IN ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS ON BENZENE RING.

4. ORGANIC REACTIONS: Baeyer-Villiger oxidation; Diels Alder reaction; Grignard’s reaction, Metal hydride reduction and Wolf Krishner reduction, Friedel Craft’s reaction, Perkin reaction, Cannizzaro reaction, Wolf Kishner reduction.

5. CARBONIUM ION REARRANGEMENTS & THEIR STABILITY: Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein, Wolf, Hofmann and Beckmann rearrangements.

6. CARBANIONS & THEIR STABILITY: Condensation reaction (Aldol condensation; Favorskii rearrangement; Witting reaction).

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (ORGANIC-I)
[Laboratory]

Cr. Hr. 01

NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Organic analysis: Identification of unknown simple organic compounds.

Recommended Books

1. Peter Sykes, A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman, New York, 1st Ed., 1991.
2. E L Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata MacGraw- Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
3. Rehman and M Younis, Organic Chemistry for B.Sc. students, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, 1997
4. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol I, Person Education Asia, 6th Ed., New Delhi, 2001.
5. Raj K Bansel, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Tata MacGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
6. Furaiss Brian, Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., ELBS, London.
7. Sykes A P, Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Lonsmen Co, UK, 1970.
8. Roberts J D and Caserio M C, Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry, 1990.
9. Naser-ud-Din, Introduction to Stereochemistry, Ghafoor Stationary Mart, Peshwar, 1994.
10. Bhal B S, Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S Chand & Co. New Delhi, 14th Ed., 1995.

hCG diet

Introduction:
hCG is the abbreviated form of human chronic gonadotropin (or gonadotrophin). It is actually a pregnancy hormone that causes the production of progesterone (hormone of the ovary responsible to prepare the womb for ovum which is fertilized) and estrogen (hormone produced in ovaries and responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics) required for maintaining the pregnancy.

hCG diet was found to be a weight loss diet having with low calories.

hCG diet dangers:
No potential side effects are found.

History:
Dr. A .Simeons firstly described this diet as a treament of Obesity in 1954. Use of hCG for treating the obesity is gaining popularity again. hCG is available, at this time, in the form of sublingual tablets and injectables. Injectable hCG diet is helpful in giving the proper response but the sublingual hCG has been found of no use.
Another study by Shetty in 1977 has found that hCG has found no hormonal or chemical changes in the body relating to circumferential measurements and skinfold thickness.

Now it has been established that hCG diet is not helpful in treating the obesity as is represented by the meta-analytic review of 1995 in British Journal of clinical pharmacology as was found in the Simeons method of research. Reports in favour of Simeons method of hCG diet research has also been declined very much after this review. It is said that the amount of protein was lower than the normal level for volunteers or patients. But at the same time, no reports have been found that hCG injections are harmful.

Uses:

References:

American College of Bariatric Physicians. Position statement: Use of HCG in the treatment of obesity. Approved Dec 2009.

Shetty, K. R.; Kalkhoff, R. K.; (1977), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Treatment of Obesity, Archives of Inter Medicine, 137(2):151-155.

Lose a pound a day? HCG dieters say it's possible

(Click here to read more)

The HCG diet claims to be natural, promises to help you lose a pound or more a day and even discourages exercise.
But critics and medical doctors say it can be also dangerous.

Further Reading:http://www.kfvs12.com/Global/story.asp?S=14030656

Healthbeat Report: The HCG Diet

(Click here to read more)

There's been a lot of hype behind the HCG diet. It's said to be the secret weapon for many Hollywood stars. The diet has been around since the 1950s and every couple of years it seems to make a comeback.

The diet's popularity is on the rise again with renewed chatter on the Internet and TV shows, but critics warn it's a fraud and could be risky.

Further Reading:http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/health&id=7979285