Fragmentation

In cell biology, fragmentation is the breaking apart of cells or cell organelles into smaller parts. Fragmentation may serve as a normal function for the cell, but may also be the result of a disorder.

Functions of cell fragmentation include:
Reproduction
Apoptosis

Disorders:
Microangiopathic diseases results in red blood cell fragmentation into schistocytes.

Further reading:
Biology: A Self-Teaching Guide, 2nd edition by Steven Daniel Garber