PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS-IV (Systemic Pharmacology-II)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. CHEMOTHERAPY
(a) Classification of drugs.
(b) Antimicrobials: Sulphonamides, Antivirals, Antiprotozoals (Treatment of Malaria and Treatment of Amebiasis), Antifungals, Anthelmintics, Anti-neoplastic and Immunosuppressive drugs, Drug treatment of Leprosy and Antibiotics (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Quinolones and Miscellaneous Antibiotics).
(c) Antihypertensive Drugs.
(d) Steroids and Antisteroid drugs.
2. HORMONES, ANTAGONISTS AND OTHER AGENTS AFFECTING ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
(a) Endocrine function and dysfunctions.
(b) Drug used for therapy of Diabetes Mellitus: Insulins and Oral Hypoglycemic agents.
(c) Corticosteroids.
(d) Thyroid hormone and anti-thyroid drugs.
3. TOXICOLOGY
(a) Pollution and its typers (water, air, food).
(b) Poison and principle of treatment of poisoning.
(c) Poisoning (Sign & symptom and treatment): Ethanol, Barbiturates, Digitalis, Salicylides, Strychnine, Narcotics, Nicotine, Paracetamol, Benzodiazepines and Organophosphorous compounds.
(d) Chelating agents and their role in poisoning: Dimercaprol, Calcium disodium edentate, Pencillamine and Defroxamine.
Note:
1. Only an introduction will be given of the banned and obsolete drug products.
2. While dealing with Pharmacology stress should be laid to the group actions of related drugs and only important differences should be discussed of the individual drugs placed in same group.
3. Newly introducted drugs should be included in the syllabus while drugs with no clinical and therapeutic values ought to be excluded from syllabus at any time.
4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest edition of the recommended books.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS-IV (Systemic Pharmacology-II)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE: - Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g.
1. To identify and differentiate the effects of unknown drug on human and the nerve plexus of frog.
2. To demonstrate the effects of Acetylcholine on the Rectus abdominus muscle of frog and competitive.
3. Pharmacological antagomism by Neuromuscular blocking agent e.g. Gallamine.
4. To identify the unknown drug by performing pharmacological competitive antagonism on Rectus.
5. Abdominus muscle of Frog.
6. To study the anti-coagulant effects of Heparin and oral anti-coagulants on Rabbits.
7. To identify the unknown anti-coagulant drug using Rabbits.
8. To demonstrate the graded Dose-Response curve of Acetylcholine on Rabbit intestine.
9. To identify unknown concentration of Acetycholine from graded Dose- Response curves.
Recommended Books (Pharmacology)
1. Goodman Gillman, Pharmacological basis of therapeutics.
2. Winguard and Brody, Human Pharmacology, Mosby Year Book, Boston, 1991.
3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis, A Text book of Clinical Pharmacology,
4. R S Satorkar and S D Bhandarkar, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics,
5. J D Tripathy, Essential of Medical Pharmacology, Japees Brother, New Delhi,
6. D R Laurance, Clinical Pharmacology, ELBS, London, 6th Ed., 1987.
7. Katzung, B G, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,
8. Lipponcott, Pharmacology, Lippincot William & Willkin, USA, 2001.
9. Manuchair Edabi, Pharmacology, Little Brown & Company, London, 1993.
10. Qayum A Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology.
11. Bertram G K, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Paramount Publishing Business & Professional Group, USA, 6th Ed., 1995.
12. William F Ganong, W F, Review of Medical physiology, Prentice Hall International Inc, New Jersey.
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Third Professional, Second Semester, Computer
COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Fundamentals basic concept of computers History of Data Processing, Types of Computers, Components of a Computer, Computer System and Business Computer System, Backing Storage Devices, Unit of Memory, Viruses and Anti-viruses Issues.
2. System Analysis and Design what is a System? Steps in system life cycle, Data Gathering and Data Analysis, Designing a New System, Development and Implementation of New System, Documentation.
3. Data Processing Data Processing, The Data Processing Cycle, The Collection and Computing of data, Manual collection of data, The main methods of data input, Devices used to collect data, Data Verification, Data Validation, Output and Recording of data, Types of data processing systems, Types of Computer Operation, Batch Processing and Real-time Processing.
4. Data Communication Applications of Data Communication, Components of a data communication system, Rate of data Transmission, Computer Networks, Network Topology, Gateway, E-mail/Internet concepts.
COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
1. Internet and E-mail: Internet and Microsoft Internet Explorer 5, Addresses, Links and Downloading, Searching the Internet, E-mail and Newsgroups, Favorites, security and Customizing Explorer.
2. Web Page Development: Introduction to Front-page, Creating a First Web site, Basic
Formatting Techniques, Manipulating Tables within Front-page, Front-page, Picture and Multimedia, Hyper linking, Bookmarks and Image Maps, Introducing Front-page “components”, Front-page and Frames, Managing your Web, Good site design, Publishing and publicizing.
3. Complete Statistical Package like SPSS.
4. Languages
At least two prevailing languages will be taught.
Recommended Books
1. Elias M System Analysis. Award Galgotia Publications, New Delhi, 1989.
2. Peter Norton, Inside IBM PC. Brady Computer Books, New York, 1988.
3. Dennis N, MS-DOS. Jump Practice Hall Press, New York, 1987.
4. Peter Norton, PC-DOS. Brady Computer Books, New York, 1985.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. Fundamentals basic concept of computers History of Data Processing, Types of Computers, Components of a Computer, Computer System and Business Computer System, Backing Storage Devices, Unit of Memory, Viruses and Anti-viruses Issues.
2. System Analysis and Design what is a System? Steps in system life cycle, Data Gathering and Data Analysis, Designing a New System, Development and Implementation of New System, Documentation.
3. Data Processing Data Processing, The Data Processing Cycle, The Collection and Computing of data, Manual collection of data, The main methods of data input, Devices used to collect data, Data Verification, Data Validation, Output and Recording of data, Types of data processing systems, Types of Computer Operation, Batch Processing and Real-time Processing.
4. Data Communication Applications of Data Communication, Components of a data communication system, Rate of data Transmission, Computer Networks, Network Topology, Gateway, E-mail/Internet concepts.
COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
1. Internet and E-mail: Internet and Microsoft Internet Explorer 5, Addresses, Links and Downloading, Searching the Internet, E-mail and Newsgroups, Favorites, security and Customizing Explorer.
2. Web Page Development: Introduction to Front-page, Creating a First Web site, Basic
Formatting Techniques, Manipulating Tables within Front-page, Front-page, Picture and Multimedia, Hyper linking, Bookmarks and Image Maps, Introducing Front-page “components”, Front-page and Frames, Managing your Web, Good site design, Publishing and publicizing.
3. Complete Statistical Package like SPSS.
4. Languages
At least two prevailing languages will be taught.
Recommended Books
1. Elias M System Analysis. Award Galgotia Publications, New Delhi, 1989.
2. Peter Norton, Inside IBM PC. Brady Computer Books, New York, 1988.
3. Dennis N, MS-DOS. Jump Practice Hall Press, New York, 1987.
4. Peter Norton, PC-DOS. Brady Computer Books, New York, 1985.
Third Professional, First Semester, Pharmaceutics
PHARMACEUTICS-V (Dispensing Pharmacy)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 02
1. Basic Principles of Compounding and Dispensing Including: Weights and Measures, Calculations for compounding and Dispensing, Fundamental operations in Compounding, Containers and closures for Dispensed Products, Prescription-Handling (Parts of Prescription, Filling, Interpretation, Pricing) and Labelling of Dispensed Medication.
2. Extemporaneous Dispensing of: Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions, Creams, Ointments, Pastes and gels, Suppositories and pessaries, Powders and granules and Oral unit dosage form.
3. Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities: Types of Incompatibilities, Manifestations, Correction and Prevention with reference to typical examples.
4. Classical dosage Forms.
5. I.V. Admixtures.
6. Radio-Pharmacy-Techniques and Applications.
PHARMACEUTICS-V (Dispensing Pharmacy)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Practical introduction to prescription-handling, interpretation, filling and Labeling.
1. Mixtures: Dispensing of simple mixtures containing soluble substances only, mixtures containing diffusable substances, indiffusable substances and mixtures forming precipitate.
2. Powders: Dispensing of simple powders, compound powders and effervescent powders for external use.
3. Incompatibility: Practical Importance of Incompatibilities.
4. Ointments And Creams: Dispensing of iodine and Methyl Salicylate ointment. Dispensing of cold cream and vanishing creams.
5. Cosmetics: Lipstic, talcum powder, after shave lotion, shaving cream. (Note: A minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted)
Recommended Books
1. Cooper and Guns, Dispensing, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 1986.
2. Hussa’s Dispensing.
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, USA, 2001.
4. Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 02
1. Basic Principles of Compounding and Dispensing Including: Weights and Measures, Calculations for compounding and Dispensing, Fundamental operations in Compounding, Containers and closures for Dispensed Products, Prescription-Handling (Parts of Prescription, Filling, Interpretation, Pricing) and Labelling of Dispensed Medication.
2. Extemporaneous Dispensing of: Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions, Creams, Ointments, Pastes and gels, Suppositories and pessaries, Powders and granules and Oral unit dosage form.
3. Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities: Types of Incompatibilities, Manifestations, Correction and Prevention with reference to typical examples.
4. Classical dosage Forms.
5. I.V. Admixtures.
6. Radio-Pharmacy-Techniques and Applications.
PHARMACEUTICS-V (Dispensing Pharmacy)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Practical introduction to prescription-handling, interpretation, filling and Labeling.
1. Mixtures: Dispensing of simple mixtures containing soluble substances only, mixtures containing diffusable substances, indiffusable substances and mixtures forming precipitate.
2. Powders: Dispensing of simple powders, compound powders and effervescent powders for external use.
3. Incompatibility: Practical Importance of Incompatibilities.
4. Ointments And Creams: Dispensing of iodine and Methyl Salicylate ointment. Dispensing of cold cream and vanishing creams.
5. Cosmetics: Lipstic, talcum powder, after shave lotion, shaving cream. (Note: A minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted)
Recommended Books
1. Cooper and Guns, Dispensing, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 1986.
2. Hussa’s Dispensing.
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, USA, 2001.
4. Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Third Professional, First semester, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (Instrumentation-I)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Note:- The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.
Theory, Instrumentation and Pharmaceutical Applications of the following Spectroscopic Methods
1. Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy.
2. Molecular fluorescence spectroscopy.
3. Flame Photometry.
4. I.R. Spectroscopy.
5. Mass Spectroscopy.
6. NMR Spectroscopy.
7. UV/Visible Spectroscopy.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (Instrumentation-I)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the requirements, e.g. Determination of the Purity and Composition of the unknown drugs by using at least each of the above techniques.
Recommended Books
1. Lough W J, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Blacki Academic Press, New York, 1996.
2. William Kemp,Organic Spectroscopy, Ellsi Horwood, London, 1990.
3. M Aminuddin & Javed Iqbal, Theory and Practice of Chromatography, University Grants Commission, Islamabad-Pakistan (2000).
4. A H Beckett and J B Stennlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I and II, the Aulton Press, London.
5. A M Knevel and F E Digangi, Jenkins’s quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
6. Braithwaite and F J Smith, Chromatographic Methods, Chapman and Hall, London.
7. E Heftmann, Chromatography, Von Nostrond Reinheld Co, New York, 1975.
8. Pryde and M J Gilbert, Applications of High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chapman & Hall, London, 1979.
9. E Stahl, Thin Layer Chromatography, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969.
10. R Hamilton, Introduction to HPLC, P A Sewell, Chapman & Hall, London, 1982
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
Note:- The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.
Theory, Instrumentation and Pharmaceutical Applications of the following Spectroscopic Methods
1. Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy.
2. Molecular fluorescence spectroscopy.
3. Flame Photometry.
4. I.R. Spectroscopy.
5. Mass Spectroscopy.
6. NMR Spectroscopy.
7. UV/Visible Spectroscopy.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (Instrumentation-I)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the requirements, e.g. Determination of the Purity and Composition of the unknown drugs by using at least each of the above techniques.
Recommended Books
1. Lough W J, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Blacki Academic Press, New York, 1996.
2. William Kemp,Organic Spectroscopy, Ellsi Horwood, London, 1990.
3. M Aminuddin & Javed Iqbal, Theory and Practice of Chromatography, University Grants Commission, Islamabad-Pakistan (2000).
4. A H Beckett and J B Stennlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I and II, the Aulton Press, London.
5. A M Knevel and F E Digangi, Jenkins’s quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
6. Braithwaite and F J Smith, Chromatographic Methods, Chapman and Hall, London.
7. E Heftmann, Chromatography, Von Nostrond Reinheld Co, New York, 1975.
8. Pryde and M J Gilbert, Applications of High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chapman & Hall, London, 1979.
9. E Stahl, Thin Layer Chromatography, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969.
10. R Hamilton, Introduction to HPLC, P A Sewell, Chapman & Hall, London, 1982
Third Professional, First semester, Pharmacognosy
PHARMACOGNOSY-III
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF PLANT CONSTITUTIONS: An introduction to chromatography and chromatographic techniques e.g. Adsorption Chromatography and Partition Chromatography.
2. CARBOHYDRATES: Introduction of carbohydrate.
(a) Sucrose and Sucrose containing drugs: Sucrose, Dextrose, Liquid glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Xylose, Caramel, Honey, Starch, Inulin, Dextrine etc.
(b) Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives: Purified cotton, Powdered cellulose, Microcrystalline cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Sodium Carboxy-methyl cellulose.
(c) Gums and Mucilages: Tragacenth, Acacia, Sodium Alginate, Agar, Pectin.
3. GLYCOSIDES: Introduction, classification, chemistry and medicinal uses of:
(a) Cardioactive glycosides: Digitalis, Strophanthus and white squill.
(b) Anthroquinone glycosides: Cascara, Aloe, Rhubarb, Cochineal and Senna.
(c) Saponin glycosides: Glycyrrhiza, Sarsaparilla.
(d) Cyanophore glycosides: Wild cherry.
(e) Isothiocyanate glycosides: Black Mustard.
(f) Lactone glycosides: Cantharide.
(g) Aldehyde glycosides: Vanilla.
(h) Miscellaneous glycosides: Gentian,. Quassia, Dioscorea.
4. TANNINS: Introduction, classification, properties and chemical identity tests of Tannins and Tannin containing compounds. Detailed study of Hammamelis, Catechu and Nut Galls.
5. LIPIDS: Introduction. Detailed study of:
(a) Fixed Oils: Castor oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sun flower oil, corn oil, coconut oil, Almond oil, Linseed oil, Mustard oil, Sesame oil and soybean oil.
(b) Fats and Related Compounds: Theobroma oil and Lenolin.
(c) Waxes: Bees wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti and Jojoba oil.
PHARMACOGNOSY-III
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Extraction of the active constituents of crude drugs and chemical tests for their identification.
Recommended Books
1. V E Tyler, L R Brady and J E Robbers, Pharmacognosy, 9th Ed.,
2. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharmacognosy, W B Saunders, Philadelphia, Toronto,
3. K Usmanghani, Topics in Pharmacognosy, University Grants Commission .
4. T E Wellis, Text book of Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors
5. Varro E Taylor, Pharmacognosy, Lee Febiger Philadelphia, 9th Ed.
6. Mohammad Ali, Introduction to Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
7. K Usmanghani, Chemical Pharmacognosy, University Grants Commission,
8. Youngkin H W, Text Book of Pharmacognosy. The Blakiston Co. Toronto, 6th Ed.,
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF PLANT CONSTITUTIONS: An introduction to chromatography and chromatographic techniques e.g. Adsorption Chromatography and Partition Chromatography.
2. CARBOHYDRATES: Introduction of carbohydrate.
(a) Sucrose and Sucrose containing drugs: Sucrose, Dextrose, Liquid glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Xylose, Caramel, Honey, Starch, Inulin, Dextrine etc.
(b) Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives: Purified cotton, Powdered cellulose, Microcrystalline cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Sodium Carboxy-methyl cellulose.
(c) Gums and Mucilages: Tragacenth, Acacia, Sodium Alginate, Agar, Pectin.
3. GLYCOSIDES: Introduction, classification, chemistry and medicinal uses of:
(a) Cardioactive glycosides: Digitalis, Strophanthus and white squill.
(b) Anthroquinone glycosides: Cascara, Aloe, Rhubarb, Cochineal and Senna.
(c) Saponin glycosides: Glycyrrhiza, Sarsaparilla.
(d) Cyanophore glycosides: Wild cherry.
(e) Isothiocyanate glycosides: Black Mustard.
(f) Lactone glycosides: Cantharide.
(g) Aldehyde glycosides: Vanilla.
(h) Miscellaneous glycosides: Gentian,. Quassia, Dioscorea.
4. TANNINS: Introduction, classification, properties and chemical identity tests of Tannins and Tannin containing compounds. Detailed study of Hammamelis, Catechu and Nut Galls.
5. LIPIDS: Introduction. Detailed study of:
(a) Fixed Oils: Castor oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sun flower oil, corn oil, coconut oil, Almond oil, Linseed oil, Mustard oil, Sesame oil and soybean oil.
(b) Fats and Related Compounds: Theobroma oil and Lenolin.
(c) Waxes: Bees wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti and Jojoba oil.
PHARMACOGNOSY-III
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Extraction of the active constituents of crude drugs and chemical tests for their identification.
Recommended Books
1. V E Tyler, L R Brady and J E Robbers, Pharmacognosy, 9th Ed.,
2. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharmacognosy, W B Saunders, Philadelphia, Toronto,
3. K Usmanghani, Topics in Pharmacognosy, University Grants Commission .
4. T E Wellis, Text book of Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors
5. Varro E Taylor, Pharmacognosy, Lee Febiger Philadelphia, 9th Ed.
6. Mohammad Ali, Introduction to Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
7. K Usmanghani, Chemical Pharmacognosy, University Grants Commission,
8. Youngkin H W, Text Book of Pharmacognosy. The Blakiston Co. Toronto, 6th Ed.,
Third Professional, First Semester,Pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (Systemic Pharmacology)
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. DRUGS ACTING ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(a) CNS – Depressants: Hypnotic & Sedatives and Analgesics (Narcotic Analgesics and opioid antagonists, Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] including
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Drug treatment of Gout)
(b) CNS – Stimulants: Cerebral Stimulants, Medullary stimulants, Spinal Cord Stimulants, Antidepressants, Psychotomimetic or Hallucinogenics, Psychotherapeutic Agents (Anxiolytics and Antipsychotics), Drug treatment of Epilepsy and Drug treatment of Parkinsonism and other movement disorders.
2. ANAESTHETICS
(a) Anaesthesia and its clinical importance.
(b) General Anaesthesia, Mechanism of action and its application.
(c) General Anaesthetics.
(d) Local Anaesthetics.
(e) Spinal Anaesthesia and drug used.
(f) Techniques of Local Anaesthesia.
Note:
1. Only an introduction will be given of the banned and obsolete drug products.
2. While dealing with Pharmacology stress should be laid to the group actions of related drugs and only important differences should be discussed of the individual drugs placed in same group.
3. Newly introducted drugs should be included in the syllabus while drugs with no clinical and therapeutic values ought to be excluded from syllabus at any time.
4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest edition of the recommended books.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (Systemic Pharmacology)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. To study the convulsant effects of strychnine and picrotoxin in frogs and to determine the site of action. To identify the unknown (convulsant) drug and determine its site of action. To study the effects of Adrenaline on Human Eyes. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Human Eyes. To study the effect of Homatropine on Human Eyes. To identify and observe the effects of unknown drugs on Human Eyes. To study the effects of local anaesthetic drugs on human and the nerve plexus of frog.
Recommended Books
1. Goodman Gillman, Pharmacological basis of therapeutics.
2. Winguard and Brody, Human Pharmacology, Mosby Year Book, Boston, 1991.
3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis, A Text book of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
4. R S Satorkar and S D Bhandarkar, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics,
5. J D Tripathy, Essential of Medical Pharmacology, Japees Brother, New Delhi,
6. D R Laurance, Clinical Pharmacology, ELBS, London, 6th Ed., 1987.
7. Katzung, B G, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,
8. Lipponcott, Pharmacology, Lippincot William & Willkin, USA, 2001.
9. Manuchair Edabi, Pharmacology, Little Brown & Company, London, 1993.
10. Prof Dr A Qayum, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology.
11. Bertram G K, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
12. William F Ganong, W F, Review of Medical physiology
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. DRUGS ACTING ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(a) CNS – Depressants: Hypnotic & Sedatives and Analgesics (Narcotic Analgesics and opioid antagonists, Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] including
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Drug treatment of Gout)
(b) CNS – Stimulants: Cerebral Stimulants, Medullary stimulants, Spinal Cord Stimulants, Antidepressants, Psychotomimetic or Hallucinogenics, Psychotherapeutic Agents (Anxiolytics and Antipsychotics), Drug treatment of Epilepsy and Drug treatment of Parkinsonism and other movement disorders.
2. ANAESTHETICS
(a) Anaesthesia and its clinical importance.
(b) General Anaesthesia, Mechanism of action and its application.
(c) General Anaesthetics.
(d) Local Anaesthetics.
(e) Spinal Anaesthesia and drug used.
(f) Techniques of Local Anaesthesia.
Note:
1. Only an introduction will be given of the banned and obsolete drug products.
2. While dealing with Pharmacology stress should be laid to the group actions of related drugs and only important differences should be discussed of the individual drugs placed in same group.
3. Newly introducted drugs should be included in the syllabus while drugs with no clinical and therapeutic values ought to be excluded from syllabus at any time.
4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest edition of the recommended books.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (Systemic Pharmacology)
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
NOTE:- Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. To study the convulsant effects of strychnine and picrotoxin in frogs and to determine the site of action. To identify the unknown (convulsant) drug and determine its site of action. To study the effects of Adrenaline on Human Eyes. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Human Eyes. To study the effect of Homatropine on Human Eyes. To identify and observe the effects of unknown drugs on Human Eyes. To study the effects of local anaesthetic drugs on human and the nerve plexus of frog.
Recommended Books
1. Goodman Gillman, Pharmacological basis of therapeutics.
2. Winguard and Brody, Human Pharmacology, Mosby Year Book, Boston, 1991.
3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis, A Text book of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
4. R S Satorkar and S D Bhandarkar, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics,
5. J D Tripathy, Essential of Medical Pharmacology, Japees Brother, New Delhi,
6. D R Laurance, Clinical Pharmacology, ELBS, London, 6th Ed., 1987.
7. Katzung, B G, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,
8. Lipponcott, Pharmacology, Lippincot William & Willkin, USA, 2001.
9. Manuchair Edabi, Pharmacology, Little Brown & Company, London, 1993.
10. Prof Dr A Qayum, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology.
11. Bertram G K, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
12. William F Ganong, W F, Review of Medical physiology
Third Professional, First Semester, Pathology
PATHOLOGY
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. SCOPE OF PATHOLOGY and; CONCEPT OF DISEASES:
2. DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY: Ischemia, Hypoxia, Necrosis, Infarction, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Aplasia, Anaplasia.
3. RESPONSE OF BODY TO INJURY AND INFECTION: Acuate inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Immunity, Allergy, Hyper Sensitivity.
4. SPECIFIC: Ulcer (Peptic, Doudenal), Hypertension, Leukemia or Blood Cancer (Malignant Carcinoma, Sarcoma & Lymphomas), Diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in general, fate, survival and prognosis with tumors.
PATHOLOGY
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
Study of Pathological Slides of various Pathological Conditions
Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Chronic specific inflammation, Different types of Degeneration, Thrombosis, Embolism, Infarction, Necrosis, Gangrene, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Pigmentation, Calcification, CVC, Papilloma, Adenoma, Chondroma, Fibroma, Leomyoma, Neofibroma, Sq. Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Transitional Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Fibrocarcinoma, Rhadomyosarcoma, Leomyosarcoma, Lymphosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Reticular Cell Sarcoma, Hodgkins disease, Breast Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Osteoclastoma.
Examiantion of different body fluids in various Pathological Conditions
Urine complete Examination, stool Examination, Blood Complete Examination, Semen Examination, Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination, Pericardial fluid examination, Pleural Fluid Examination, Ascitic Fluid Examination, Blood Sugar, Blood Urea, Blood Choleterol etc.
Tests for various Specimens of Clinical Importance
Techniques of Clinical Blood Examination for various disases, Gastric Analysis, Tests for liver function test, Renal function test, Tests for endocrine abnormalities, Biopsies and cytologic techniques.
Recommended Books
1. Kumar Cotran Robins, Basic Pathology, 6th Ed., W B Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1992).
2. Walters and Israel, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone, London (1998).
3. Peter S Macfarlane, Robin Reid, Robin Collander, Pathology Illustrated, Churchill Livingstone, London (1998).
4. Robbins Pathology, W B Saunders Co, London, 2nd Ed., 1962.
5. Walter G B, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1996.
(Theory)
Cr. Hr. 03
1. SCOPE OF PATHOLOGY and; CONCEPT OF DISEASES:
2. DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY: Ischemia, Hypoxia, Necrosis, Infarction, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Aplasia, Anaplasia.
3. RESPONSE OF BODY TO INJURY AND INFECTION: Acuate inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Immunity, Allergy, Hyper Sensitivity.
4. SPECIFIC: Ulcer (Peptic, Doudenal), Hypertension, Leukemia or Blood Cancer (Malignant Carcinoma, Sarcoma & Lymphomas), Diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in general, fate, survival and prognosis with tumors.
PATHOLOGY
(Laboratory)
Cr. Hr. 01
Study of Pathological Slides of various Pathological Conditions
Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Chronic specific inflammation, Different types of Degeneration, Thrombosis, Embolism, Infarction, Necrosis, Gangrene, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Pigmentation, Calcification, CVC, Papilloma, Adenoma, Chondroma, Fibroma, Leomyoma, Neofibroma, Sq. Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Transitional Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Fibrocarcinoma, Rhadomyosarcoma, Leomyosarcoma, Lymphosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Reticular Cell Sarcoma, Hodgkins disease, Breast Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Osteoclastoma.
Examiantion of different body fluids in various Pathological Conditions
Urine complete Examination, stool Examination, Blood Complete Examination, Semen Examination, Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination, Pericardial fluid examination, Pleural Fluid Examination, Ascitic Fluid Examination, Blood Sugar, Blood Urea, Blood Choleterol etc.
Tests for various Specimens of Clinical Importance
Techniques of Clinical Blood Examination for various disases, Gastric Analysis, Tests for liver function test, Renal function test, Tests for endocrine abnormalities, Biopsies and cytologic techniques.
Recommended Books
1. Kumar Cotran Robins, Basic Pathology, 6th Ed., W B Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1992).
2. Walters and Israel, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone, London (1998).
3. Peter S Macfarlane, Robin Reid, Robin Collander, Pathology Illustrated, Churchill Livingstone, London (1998).
4. Robbins Pathology, W B Saunders Co, London, 2nd Ed., 1962.
5. Walter G B, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1996.
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