Indapamide

It is a sulfonamide diuretic. It is a lipid soluble nonthiazide diuretic related to indolines.
Action:
It inhibits the slow component of delayed rectifier potassium current.

Pharmacokinetics:

It has a long duration of action. It is metabolized by the gastrointestinal tract and excreted by the kidneys.


Uses:
It is a thiazide like diuretic used orally and is also used in the treatment of hypertension and edema.

Hydrochlorothiazide

It is a sulfonamide diuretic. It is similar to chlorothiazide.
Action:
It inhibits sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule resulting in the inhibition of the water reabsorption.

Uses:
It is a thiazide diuretic and is used in the treatment of edema and high blood pressure.

Furosemide

It is a sulfonamide diuretic. Its chemical name is 4-Chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid.
Action:
It blocks sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle resulting in the inhibition of the water reabsorption. It increases renal blood flow and causes redistribution of blood flow within renal cortex.

Administration and dosage:

Furosemide can be administered orally, IM or intravenously. Its usual dosage is 20-50 mg per day.
Pharmacokinetics:
It is excreted renally. Its onset of action is 30 minutes to 60 minutes and duration of action is 2 hours (when administered IV) and 6-8.5 hours (when administered orally).

Therapeutic uses:
1. Edematous states from congestive heart failure or some renal disease
2. Hypertension
3. To increase serum calcium level
4. It is a diuretic.

Adverse effects:
Light-headedness, dizziness, thirst, weakness

Interaction:
Furosemide and bumetanide weakly inhibit carbonic anhydrase.

Dorzolamide

It is a sulfonamide diuretic.

Action:
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Uses:
It is used as a diuretic. It is also used in glaucoma and hypertension relating to eyes.