Step 1: Install and Load rgl
1. Install the rgl package (if you haven’t already):
install.packages
("rgl")
2. Load the rgl library:
library
(rgl
)
Step 2: Create a Basic 3D Scatter Plot using plot3d
1. Generate sample data for plotting:
set.seed
(123)
x
<- rnorm
(100)
y
<- rnorm
(100)
z
<- rnorm
(100)
2. Create a 3D scatter plot using plot3d
:
plot3d
(x
, y
, z
, col
=
"blue", size
=
5, type
=
"s")
col
: Set the color of the points.size
: Control the point size.type
: "s" represents spheres. You can also try other types, like "p" for points.
The plot should now open in an interactive window,
allowing you to view your data in 3D.
Step 3: Create a 3D Scatter Plot using scatter3d
1. Install and load the car
package to
access the scatter3d
function:
install.packages
("car")
library
(car
)
2. Use scatter3d
for a quick 3D scatter plot:
scatter3d
(x
, y
, z
, surface
=
FALSE, fit
=
"linear")
surface
: Set toFALSE
if you don't want a regression surface (3D plane).fit
: Set to "linear" for a linear fit (you can also use other fits if you like).
Step 4: Exploring Basic Camera Rotations and Zoom
Functions
rgl
provides several
functions to interactively control the camera's view, allowing you to rotate,
zoom, and pan.
1. Rotate the Camera:
- The
rgl.viewpoint()
function allows you to set the camera angle. Try the following command:
rgl.viewpoint
(theta
=
45, phi
=
30)
theta
: Controls rotation around the z-axis.phi
: Controls the vertical rotation.
2. Zoom In and Out:
- Adjust
the zoom level using the
zoom
parameter inrgl.viewpoint
:
rgl.viewpoint
(theta
=
45, phi
=
30, zoom
=
0.7)
- A
zoom value less than 1 will zoom out, while a value greater than 1 will
zoom in.
3. Play Around with Different Viewpoints:
- Experiment
with
theta
,phi
, andzoom
to see how they change your perspective. Here are a few examples:
# Top-down view
rgl.viewpoint
(theta
=
90, phi
=
90, zoom
=
0.5)
# Side view
rgl.viewpoint
(theta
=
0, phi
=
0, zoom
=
0.8)
# Rotate incrementally
for
(angle
in seq
(0,
360, by
=
10))
{
rgl.viewpoint
(theta
= angle
, phi
=
30)
Sys.sleep
(0.1)
}
Step 5: Practice and Experiment
Explore rgl
further by
experimenting with different colors, sizes, and types of points in plot3d
,
or by adjusting the viewpoint using theta
and phi
in rgl.viewpoint
.
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