Saturday, March 5, 2011
Ankylosing spondilitis
Ankylosing spondilitis: This is the arthritis of the spine in which there is fusion of the spine.
Transferosome
Transferosome is a proprietary drug delivery technology of the German company IDEA AG.
Transferosome means "Carrying body". It is a type of artifical vesicle and is considered to be suitable for carrying drug to required target.
Transferosome means "Carrying body". It is a type of artifical vesicle and is considered to be suitable for carrying drug to required target.
Friday, March 4, 2011
The lagrangian method
Lagrangian method is one of the optimization methods and is an extened form of Classic method of simplifying the formulae and methods. This method helps in finding the maxima i.e. greatest possible amount, and minima i.e. minimum possible degree, of a function depending on the constraints.
Following steps are usually followed in the langragian method:
1. Objective function is determined:
Objective function is a function in optimization theory. This function is to be maximized or minimized i.e. to be optimized. Here function is a quantity depending on another quantity and it can be changed by changing the values of the other quantity.
We can express objective funcion with expression like "Z(X')"
Where X' is the decision variable representing variable for which we can make decisions or which can be changed i.e. X' = (X1, X2,...Xn)
2. Constraints are determined
Constraints are the factors that causes limitations to the freedom of something. Problems related to pharmaceutical product and process desgin are considered as constrained optimization problems.
3. Inequality constraints are converted into equality constraints
4. From the lagrange function, assign
a. One lagrange multiplier i.e. lambda for each constraint
b. One slack variable i.e q for each inequaltiy constraint
5. The lagrange function for each variable, is differentiated partially, and setting the derivative equal to zero.
6. The set of simultaneous equations are solved
7. Resulting values are substituted into the objective functions
Provision for this method is the completion of the experiment before the optimization so that the mathematical models can be generated. Moreover, in lagrangian method several responses or dependent variables can be handled but work can be done on only two independent variables.
Following steps are usually followed in the langragian method:
1. Objective function is determined:
Objective function is a function in optimization theory. This function is to be maximized or minimized i.e. to be optimized. Here function is a quantity depending on another quantity and it can be changed by changing the values of the other quantity.
We can express objective funcion with expression like "Z(X')"
Where X' is the decision variable representing variable for which we can make decisions or which can be changed i.e. X' = (X1, X2,...Xn)
2. Constraints are determined
Constraints are the factors that causes limitations to the freedom of something. Problems related to pharmaceutical product and process desgin are considered as constrained optimization problems.
3. Inequality constraints are converted into equality constraints
4. From the lagrange function, assign
a. One lagrange multiplier i.e. lambda for each constraint
b. One slack variable i.e q for each inequaltiy constraint
5. The lagrange function for each variable, is differentiated partially, and setting the derivative equal to zero.
6. The set of simultaneous equations are solved
7. Resulting values are substituted into the objective functions
Provision for this method is the completion of the experiment before the optimization so that the mathematical models can be generated. Moreover, in lagrangian method several responses or dependent variables can be handled but work can be done on only two independent variables.
Indian Journal of Cancer
The Indian journal of cancer is a peer reviewed journal published on behalf of Indian society of oncology and indian cancer society giving free access to articles on its website http://www.indianjcancer.com.it/ was established in 1963.
Following are the topics included in the Indian Journal of Cancer:
1. Oncology
2. Oncopathology
3. Radiation Oncology
4. Surgical Oncology
Its Pubmed articles are also present in the link below:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Cancer[jo]
The Address of its editorial office is as follows:
Following are the topics included in the Indian Journal of Cancer:
1. Oncology
2. Oncopathology
3. Radiation Oncology
4. Surgical Oncology
Its Pubmed articles are also present in the link below:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=Indian+Journal+of+Cancer[jo]
The Address of its editorial office is as follows:
INDIAN CANCER SOCIETY
Lady Ratan Tata Medical and Research Centre
M. Karve Road, Cooperage, Bombay 400021, India.
Phone: 91-22-2202 9941/2202 9942,
Fax: 91-22-2287 2745
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
-
Q: What do you know about ergot alkaloids? Ans: These include alkaloids which we get from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea or derived ...
-
(For detailed study of Pharmaceutical Incompatibility Click here) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) from Pharmaceutical Incompatibility in ...
-
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) of Powders and Granules from Pharmaceutics 1. _______ powders consist of more than one ingredients. a. Si...
