Types of solutions used in Pharmacy

Types of Solutions used in Dispensing Pharmacy:

1. Taken Orally:

a. Mixtures
b. Elixirs
c. Linctuses
d. Draughts
e. Syrups
f. Pediatric drops

2. Used in the mouth and throat:

a. Mouthwashes
b. Gargles
c. Throat paints
d. Throat sprays

3. Instilled into Body cavities:

a. Douches
b. Enemas
c. Ear drops
d. Nasal Drops
e. Nasal Sprays

4. Applied to Body surfaces:

a. Collodions
b. Liniments
c. Lotions
d. Paints


Types of Solutions used in Physical Pharmacy:

1. Unsaturated Solutions
2. Saturated Solutions
3. Supersaturated solutions

Further Reading:
Aulton's Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines

Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design

Modern Pharmaceutics (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)

British Pharmacopoeia 2010

USP NF 2009 (United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary)

Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences

Types of Thickening Agents used in Dispensing Pharmacy

Thickening agents can be classified as follows:

1. Polysachharide:

a. Natural agents:

i. Acacia
ii. Tragacanth
iii. Starch
iv. Sodium alginate

b. Semi-synthetic agents:

i. Methylcellulose
ii. Carboxymethyl cellulose
iii. Hydroxyethyl cellulose
iv. Microcrystalline cellulose

2. Inorganic agents:

a. Clays:

i. Bentonite
ii. Hectorite
iii. Aluminium Magnesium silicate

b. Aluminium hydroxide

3. Synthetic compounds:

a. Carbomer
b. Colloidal silicon dioxide

Further reading:
Pharmaceutical Compounding And Dispensing (Includes video clips CD-ROM)

Pharmaceutical Dispensing

English Vocabulary

Ambiance: Atmosphere or mood


Ambiguity: Doubt about meaning

Ambisonics: Sound reproduction technique

Ambit: Range or Boundary

Ambivalence: Conflict of Ideas

Amble: Walk Slowly

Archetype: Original Model

Ardent: Passionate

Assent: Agree to something

Assiduous: very careful

MCQs:

1. Ambit:

a. Conflict of ideas
b. Walk slowly
c. Passionate
d. Range or Boundary

2. Amble:
a. Original Model
b. Walk slowly
c. Very careful
d. Doubt about meaning

3. Ardent:

a. Passionate
b. Sound reproduction technique
c. Agree to something
d. Original Model

(This blog can help you in the preparation of GRE General Test)

Further reading:

Cracking the GRE, 2010 Edition (Graduate School Test Preparation)

Essential Words for the GRE (Barron's Essential Words for the GRE)

Kaplan GRE Exam Vocabulary in a Box

GRE: Practicing to Take the General Test 10th Edition (Practicing to Take the Gre General Test)

Kaplan GRE Exam Math Workbook

Kaplan GRE Exam 2010: Strategies, Practice, and Review

Barron's GRE 

Barron's GRE Flash Cards 

Ointments

1. Oimtment are gressy ,semisolid preparation for application to----------------

a. Mucous membrane

b. Skin

c. Nasal cavity

d. None of above

------------------

2. Substances which  are dispersed in ointment should be in the form--------------------

a. Powder

b. Fine powder

c. Coarse powder

d. a and c

-------------------

3. Ointment will absorb about 15% of its weight of water forming a-----------------

a. Water in oil emulsion

b. Oil in water emulsion

c. Suspension

d.  Oily ointment

-------------------

4. The cetosteryl alcohol is included in paraffin ointment in order to improve----------------------property of skin

a. Adheshion

b. Stiffining

c. Emolien

d. Spreading

-------------------

5. ----------------- spatulas are suitable for most substance

a.  Iron

b. Murcury compound

c. Stainless steel

d. a and c

--------------------

Answers to MCQs of Ointments 

1. b

2. b

3. a

4. d

5. c

(These MCQs are helpful for the preparation of Dosage form and Dispensing Pharmaceutics)

Further reading:

Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy)


Pharmaceutical Compounding And Dispensing (Includes video clips CD-ROM)


Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems

Official books used in pharmacy

1.Current edition of British Pharmacopoeia comprises ………… volumes which contain nearly ………… monographs for drug substances, excipients and formulated preparations

a. 6 , 3000
b. 8 , 4000
c. 7 , 3500
d. 5 , 2500

----------------

2. The British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC) was first published in……….. to supplement the British Pharmacopoeia.

a.1806

b.1906

c.1907

d.1948

----------------

3. These standards help to ensure the quality, purity, ……… and consistency of products made for public consumption

a. dosage

b. potency

c. strength

d. quantity

----------------

4. USP's standards are recognized and used in more than ……… countries around the globe.

a. 140

b. 240

c. 130

d. 150

----------------

5. A National Formulary is a manual containing a list of medicines that are approved for ………….throughout the country.

a. leaflet

b. formula

c. labbeling

d. prescription

------------------

Answers to MCQs of Official books used in Pharmacy

1. a

2. c

3. c

4. c

5. d

(This blog is helpful for students of Pharmacy in the 1st semester) 

Further reading:

Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy) 

BENTLEY'S TEXT-BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICS 

Tutorial pharmacy

English Vocabulary

Altricial: Helpless and dependent

Altruism: Unselfish regard or concern for others

Alumna: Woman graduate

Alumnus: Man graduate

Amandine: Serving with almonds

Amanuensis: Assistant of a writer

Amateur: Layman

Amaurosis: Blindness

Amazon: Giantess

Ambidextrous: Ability to use either hand

MCQs:

1. Alumnus:

a. Layman

b. Blindness

c. Man graduate

d. Giantess

----------------

2. Amanuensis

a. Assistant of a writer

b. Layman

c. Helpless and dependent

d. Unselfish regard or concern for others

----------------

3. Altricial

a. Ability to use either hand

b. Woman graduate

c. Serving with almonds

d. Helpless and dependent

(This post is helpful for the preparation of test of GRE general)

Further reading:

GRE: Practicing to Take the General Test 10th Edition (Practicing to Take the Gre General Test)

GRE General Test w/ CD-ROM (REA) - The Best Test Prep for the GRE (Test Preps)

Kaplan GRE Exam 2010: Strategies, Practice, and Review

Kaplan GRE Exam Vocabulary in a Box

Cracking the GRE, 2010 Edition (Graduate School Test Preparation)

GRE General Test (Cliffs Test Prep)

GRE General Test, The Very Best Coaching and Study with TestWare (Test Preps)

Barron's GRE

Testbuster for the GRE General Test with CD (REA) (Test Preps)

Powerprep Software: Test Preparation for the Gre General Test, Version 2.0

History of Pharmacy

1. Who is known as father of medicine;

a. Aristotle           

 b. Theophrastus    

c.  Hippocrates    

d.  Rhaze               

------------------

2. How many periods are of pharmacy;

a. Five    

b. Three    

c. two   

d.  Four                                                          

------------------

3. In ancient times, people think that illness is produced by;

a. Holy spirits    

b. Evil spirits    

c. Vampires     

d.   Medicines                

-------------------

4. Prehistoric pharmacy period started;

a. 40’000 B.C    

 b. 50,000 B.C     

c. 30,000 B.C   

d .  25,000 B.C           

------------------

5. First great study of plants in west was accomplished by ;

a. Egyptian   
b. Greeks     
c. Theophrastus    
d. Aristotle                          
-------------------

Answers to MCQs of History of Pharmacy 

1.c

2. d

3. b

4. c

5. c

(This post is helpful for the preparation of Pharmaceutics for beginners)

Further reading:

Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy) 

Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design 

BENTLEY'S TEXT-BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICS 

An Introduction to Clinical Pharmaceutics

Plasters

1.Plasters are semisolid or solid adhesive masses spread on backing material intended for……….. use
 

a. External
b. Internal
c. Intra venous
d. Intra muscular
----------------
2. The adhesive characteristics of plaster on the body surface depend upon………..
 

a. Pressure
b. Temperature
c. Force
d. Non above
---------------
3. Plaster are ……….. Masses
 

a. Liquid
b. Solid and liquid
c. Semisolid and solid
d. Non above
----------------
4. Non-medicated plasters are used for ………..
 

a. Therapeutic effect
b. Heal wound
c. Protection and mechanical support
d. Non above
----------------
5. Backing materials used for plasters are of………
 

a. Steel
b. Iron
c. Paper or cotton
d. Glass

------------------

Answers of MCQs of plasters

1. a
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. c 

(This post is helpful for students of Dispensing Pharmacy)

Further reading:
 Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy) 

Pharmaceutical Compounding And Dispensing (Includes video clips CD-ROM) 

FASTtrack: Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing 

Pharmaceutical Dispensing : A Textbook for Students of Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing and A Reference Book for Pharmacists 

British Pharmacopoeia 2010 

USP NF 2009 (United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary) 

Emulsions

1. An emulsion is a system of two ----------------- liquid phases, one of which is dispersed as fine globules throughout the other.

a. miscible     

b.  polar   

c. non-polar     

d.  Immiscible 

----------------

2. One of the two phases of emulsion is usually -------------------- in pharmacy.

a. water    

b. Oils    

c. Spirits   

d. Alcohols

----------------                                                 

3. Best example of w/o emulsion is;

a. Rubber latex   

b.  Egg yolk   

c. vanishing creams     

d. cold creams

-----------------

4. Best example of o/w emulsions;

a. hydrous  ointment    

b.  Calamine lotion    

c .  Milk     

d.  Cold creams

----------------

5. In HLB system, wetting agents range b/w;

a. 10-18     
b.  7-9      
c.   4-6      
d.   1-3                                                       
-----------------

Answers to MCQs of Emulsions

1. d

2. a

3. d

4. c

5. b

(These MCQs are helpful for students of pharmacy) 

Further reading:
Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets, Third Edition - Volume 2: Rational Design and Formulation (PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS-TABLETS)

Colloidal Dispersions: Suspensions, Emulsions, and Foams

Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences

Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences

Sprays

1. Spray solutions are _______________solutions;

a. Aquous
b. Alcoholic 

c. oily 

d. a and b

-------------

2. The most commonly dispensed drugs as spray solution is _____________ ;

a. Cholinergic agonist

b. propranolol 

c. Isoprenalline 

d. prazosin

------------

3. Sprays are mostly use for the relief  of __________; 

a. Angina 

b. Allergy 

c. Asthma 

d. Hypnotic  

------------------- 

4. ____________ Have the advantage of producing a more accurately controlled dose of  drug in particular form;

a. Metered aerosol

b. Controlled aerosol

c. Controlled dose aerosol

d. None of the Above

------------------

5. The particle size can be controlled to ensure that drug penetrate into the _____________

a. Blood vessels

b. Nasal membrane

c. Bronchial tree

d. a and b
----------------

Answers to MCQs of sprays:

1. d
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. c

(This blog is helpful for students of Pharmaceutics)

Further studies:
Pharmaceutical Compounding And Dispensing (Includes video clips CD-ROM) 

FASTtrack: Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing 

Husa's pharmaceutical dispensing;: A textbook and reference manual on drug development, pharmaceutical compounding, and dispensing 

Pharmaceutical Dispensing 

British Pharmacopoeia 2010 

USP NF 2009 (United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary)