Types of thickening agents

There are three major groups of thickening agents:

1. Polysaccharides
    a. Natural
        i. Acacia
        ii. Tragacanth
        iii. Starch
        iv. Sodium Alginate
    b. Semi-synthetic:
        i. Methylcellulose
        ii. Hydroxyethylcellulose
       iii. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
       iv. Microcrystalline cellulose

2. Inorganic agents
    a. Clays
       i. Bentonite
       ii. Hectorite
       iii. Aluminium Magnesium silicate
    b. Aluminium hydroxide

3. Synthetic
   a.Carbomer (Carboxyvinyl polymer)
   b. Colloidal silicon dioxide

Actovegin

It is a deproteinized hemolysate obtained from Calf Blood.

It has the ability of enhancing the aerobic metabolism by increasing the use of glucose and oxygen and stimulates the formation of ATP. (1)

It has a neuroprotective action.

References:
(1) Boyarinov, G. A. et al. Effects of actovegin on the central nervous system during postischemic period . Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Volume 126, Number 4 / October, 1998

TMPRSS2-ERG

It is a type of fusion gene. It has been found that 50-70% of prostate cancers are from TMPRSS2-ETS fusion prostate cancers. (1)


References:
Mosquera, J. M. et al., Morphological features of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion prostate cancer. Journal of Pathology, 2007 May; Volume 212 (1): pp. 91-101..